In Scotland's highlands, a contentious debate is unfolding over proposed pumped storage hydro schemes.

These projects, aimed at storing renewable energy, have faced criticism during the consultation phase from local residents concerned about potential ecological impacts and disruptions to iconic landscapes.

Up to a dozen upland lochs are targeted for development, with significant projects already deep into planning.

One of the largest proposed schemes is Earba, near Dalwhinnie, which would involve constructing a 350-foot-high dam on the Ardverikie Estate, transforming a twin loch into a single reservoir. Another project at Fearna would disrupt popular hiking routes by blocking footpaths.

Critics worry that changes to the natural landscape could devastate local ecosystems, particularly around Loch Ness, where the combination of multiple schemes would threaten wildlife and significantly alter water levels.

Opposition is growing. "We're witnessing a gold rush for pumped storage hydro," said Brian Shaw, river director of the Ness District Salmon Fishery Board.

"In areas like Loch Ness, the scale of these projects will disrupt natural ecological processes, harm the biodiversity of the loch and its surroundings, and undermine one of Scotland’s top tourist destinations—all in pursuit of electricity that isn't as affordable as promised."

He emphasised the need to consider Scotland’s delicate ecosystem, warning that introducing vast volumes of new water could severely impact the loch's ecology.

However, proponents argue that these projects are essential for the UK’s transition towards renewable energy.

They claim that investing in such solutions could help reduce emissions and lower costs for consumers.

SSE has already secured approval for a large-scale project at Coire Glas, overlooking Loch Lochy, which the company describes as "a golden opportunity for a secret power station hidden under centuries-old rock."

Pumped storage hydro systems function like massive batteries, moving water uphill during periods of energy surplus and releasing it to generate electricity when demand arises.

Despite these benefits, opponents believe the environmental costs, including potential damage to Scotland’s rural landscape, are too high, highlighting the tension between advancing renewable energy and preserving natural heritage.

Supporters maintain that pumped storage hydro schemes are vital to the UK's renewable energy future.

Carl Crompton, MD of Gilkes Energy, advocates for the Fearna and Earba schemes, asserting they would cut costs and lower emissions.

"Investing in energy storage benefits UK consumers because it allows the country to waste less wind energy in the form of curtailment and reduces gas generation. These savings will be passed to consumers in the form of reduced energy bills,” he said.

Additionally, the British Hydropower Association disputes claims that these schemes would mar the landscape, describing them as “one of the least visibly intrusive renewable energy technologies.”

Both the UK and Scottish governments have expressed their support for the initiatives, with the latter stating: "Our planning framework prioritises climate and nature, underscoring our commitment to all forms of renewable, low-carbon, and zero-emission technologies."

The debate surrounding pumped storage hydro schemes in Scotland's highlands remains heated. Advocates argue that these projects are crucial for renewable energy storage and meeting net-zero targets, while opponents contend that the environmental costs are too significant.